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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

开年多只基金下调费率吸引投资者******

　　记者 王思文

　　2023年伊始，公募基金积极通过下调基金费率(包括管理费率、托管费率、销售服务费率等)的方式让利投资者、提升投资者信心和持有体验。1月11日，工银瑞信安盈货币基金A类和C类基金份额的销售服务费率正式由0.25%调低至0.05%。据《证券日报》记者梳理，这已是今年以来第8只调整费率的基金，其中以债券型基金为主。

　　管理费和托管费

　　为调整主要方向

　　记者注意到，在上述8只基金中，6只为债券型基金，而债券型基金普遍将管理费率调整至0.3%。例如华润元大润泰双鑫债券型证券投资基金、国寿安保尊享债券型证券投资基金均将管理费率由原来的0.7%调低至0.3%。

　　除了管理费率，部分债券型基金的托管费率也有所调整。如国寿安保尊享债券型证券投资基金的托管费率从0.2%降至0.1%，中加丰尚纯债债券型证券投资基金的托管费率由0.1%调低至0.08%，广发亚太中高收益债券型证券投资基金的托管费率由0.25%降低为0.15%。

　　伴随基金业的发展与成长，公募基金相关费率持续下行。尤其是在资本市场环境相对复杂、基金赚钱效应欠佳的情况下，基金往往会主动降费。去年全年，伴随市场震荡波动，已有多家基金公司旗下产品出于提升产品竞争力、提高投资者获得感等方面考虑，发布了费率优惠相关公告。

　　对于2023年开年债券型基金扎堆下调费率，恒生前海短债债券基金经理张昆在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示：“去年年底债券市场的调整使投资者信心受挫。在此背景下，债券基金降低费率也是希望通过让利投资者，提升产品竞争力。”

　　增强投资者的获得感

　　预计未来行业还会降费

　　事实上，近年来监管层多次提及基金降费让利的问题。去年9月份，国务院办公厅印发《关于进一步优化营商环境降低市场主体制度性交易成本的意见》明确提出，降低市场主体制度性交易成本，规范金融服务收费，鼓励证券、基金、担保等机构进一步降低服务收费，推动金融基础设施合理降低交易、托管、登记、清算等费用。

　　一位公募FOF基金经理对《证券日报》记者表示：“债券基金产品降费总体上有利于推动公募行业高质量发展，比如其直接降低了投资者持有成本，增强了投资者获得感，从而促进投资者利益与资产规模的正向循环。”

　　“我们预计未来行业还会进一步降费，因为基金产品降费让利于民是行业迈向高质量发展的必然趋势。”张昆对记者表示。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）